Vermiculite board — also known as vermiculite sheet, vermiculite fire prevention board, or expanded vermiculite insulation board — is a lightweight, non-combustible rigid panel made from exfoliated vermiculite combined with inorganic binders, pressed and cured into board form. It features excellent fire resistance (up to 1,200°C), low thermal conductivity (as low as 0.09 W/m·K), low density (~650 kg/m³), chemical resistance, and sound absorption (0.4–0.6). Below are its major application fields:

1. Construction & Fire Protection
This is the largest application area. Vermiculite board is used in:
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Fire door cores and fire-rated partition walls
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Fire-rated ceilings and fire walls
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Elevator shaft fire barriers
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Smoke exhaust duct wrapping and fire smoke damper enclosures
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Fireproof coatings and decorative finishes for commercial buildings (as vermiculite plaster)
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Lightweight concrete and screeds — replacing sand or aggregate, producing concrete up to 75% lighter with superior thermal and acoustic insulation
Relevant standard: JC/T 2341-2015 (Expanded Vermiculite Fire Prevention Board), applicable to industrial and civil building partitions, wall insulation, and fire door cores.

2. Industrial Furnace & High-Temperature Insulation
Vermiculite board is a go-to material for thermal insulation in harsh, high-temperature environments:
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Metallurgy — aluminum electrolysis tanks, ladle and foundry insulation, melting and holding furnace linings
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Petrochemical industry — furnace and reactor insulation
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Ceramics & glass industry — kiln and furnace bottom blocks, wall linings
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Power generation — boiler and steam turbine insulation
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Heat exchangers and high-temperature pipelines
It can withstand temperatures up to 1,300°C with low heat storage, helping maintain precise temperature control.

3. Marine & Shipbuilding
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Fire-rated bulkheads (fire compartment walls)
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Deck insulation layers
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Hull panel linings
Its non-combustible, lightweight, and mold-resistant properties make it ideal for maritime fire safety compliance.

4. Appliances & Domestic Heating
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Fireplace inserts — wall insulation that raises combustion temperature, keeping glass cleaner longer
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Wood-burning stoves, ovens, and grills — thermal lining for heat retention
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Domestic boilers — insulation to improve energy efficiency
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BBQ grills and catering equipment
Typical specs: density ~650 kg/m³, thermal conductivity 0.09 W/m·K, bending strength 1.1 MPa, compressive strength 2.1 MPa.

5. Automotive & Transportation
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Exhaust system insulation
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Engine heat shields
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Thermal insulation for battery packs (especially relevant for EVs)
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Packaging — expanded vermiculite absorbs liquid spills, insulates products, and secures delicate goods during transport

6. Electronics & Electrical Equipment
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Component-level thermal insulation
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Battery thermal barrier
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Solar panel backing insulation

7. Agriculture & Horticulture (Board Form)
While loose expanded vermiculite is more common here, vermiculite board is used as:
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Seed germination trays (fine grade, 0.5–2 mm)
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Hydroponic substrates (medium grade, 2–5 mm)
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Anti-caking agent carrier in animal feed

8. Specialty & Emerging Uses
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Brake linings — vermiculite as a friction material additive
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High-temperature coatings — vermiculite dispersions in binders for oxidation-resistant coatings on carbon composites
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Gaskets & specialty papers — vermiculite "paper" sheets made from delaminated dispersions
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Barrier coatings for films — high-temperature protective layers
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Waste treatment — vermiculite as an adsorbent medium

Key Properties Summary
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Max service temperature: 1,200–1,300°C
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Density: 450–800 kg/m³
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Thermal conductivity: 0.02–0.09 W/m·K
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Fire rating: Non-combustible, asbestos-free
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Sound absorption: 0.4–0.6
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Chemical resistance: Resistant to acids, alkalis, mold, and mildew
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Workability: Easily cut, drilled, sanded, and shaped

Bottom line: Vermiculite board is essentially a fire-resistant, lightweight thermal insulation panel whose value proposition is strongest wherever heat, fire safety, and low weight matter simultaneously — from fireplace linings to aluminum smelters to EV battery packs.